Cybersecurity in Algeria: Building National Resilience in the Digital Era - Strategic Framework, Legal Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Abstract

This paper provides a comprehensive examination of cybersecurity in Algeria, analyzing the nation’s strategic framework, legal environment, threat landscape, and future perspectives. Algeria faces a complex cyber threat environment, with over 70 million attempted cyberattacks in 2024, targeting critical infrastructure, government systems, and private sector organizations. The country has responded with the development of a comprehensive National Cybersecurity Strategy for 2025-2029, updated legislation including the Digital Identity and Trust Services Law, and institutional reforms such as Presidential Decree 26-07 requiring cybersecurity units in all government agencies.
The paper identifies key vulnerabilities in Algeria’s cybersecurity posture, including legacy systems, skills gaps, limited investment, and organizational challenges. It examines the current threat landscape, including malware, ransomware, phishing, DDoS attacks, data breaches, and advanced persistent threats. The paper also analyzes implementation challenges, including technical infrastructure limitations, fragmented governance, and limited institutional capacity.
The study presents strategic initiatives and mechanisms for strengthening cybersecurity, including institutional and governance reforms, technical and operational measures, capacity building, and international cooperation. It explores emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, as well as anticipated policy and regulatory developments.
The paper concludes that while Algeria has made significant progress in developing its cybersecurity framework, substantial challenges remain in implementation and capacity building. The recommendations address the needs of government, organizations, educational institutions, and international partners, emphasizing the importance of sustained investment, international cooperation, and a comprehensive, multi-stakeholder approach to building national cyber resilience.