Legal Protection of Personal Data Amidst the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

This research examines the legal framework for protecting personal data in light of the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence technologies, through an analysis of Algerian Law No. 18-07 dated June 10, 2018, relating to the protection of natural persons in the field of personal data processing. The problem of the study lies in the extent to which the concepts and supervisory and penal mechanisms introduced by the Algerian legislator can accommodate complex technical challenges, such as algorithmic opacity (the "Black Box") and big data processing. The study relied on the analytical method of legal texts, with the use of the comparative method. The study concluded that Law 18-07, despite adopting the principle of technological neutrality, still faces practical difficulties in proving civil and criminal liability for algorithmic errors and in activating the rights of access and objection. The research ended with the necessity of updating technical control mechanisms and enshrining the principle of "privacy by design" to ensure effective protection of private life in the digital environment.